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Based on Systems Thinking and the language of stocks and flows, models created with.

With the touch of your finger build multi-level, hierarchical model structures.

Directly interact with graphs and results using the iPads unique.

THe easily define relationships between variables in an intuitively visual manner.

With Stella Modelers expressive animations, communication of model behavior is clear and instantly understandable.

The 3rd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society.

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The program, distributed by isee systems (formerly High Performance Systems) allows users to run models created as graphical representations of a system using four fundamental building blocks.

STELLA has been used in academia as a teaching tool and has been utilized in a variety of research and business applications.

The program has received positive reviews, being praised in particular for its ease of use and low cost.

While working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s, Jay Wright Forrester developed the earliest understanding of system dynamics which he argued could only be understood using models.

Dartmouth College systems science professor Barry Richmond founded High Performance Systems in 1984.

With financial support of Analog Devices, Inc.

Within that paper, Richmond mused on the study of system dynamics: If this stuff really is so great, then why hasnt the field taken off 7 Steve Peterson, a colleague of Richmonds, reflected after his death in 2002 that Richmond held the belief that modeling was a tool everyone should be using and that that notion was reflected in Richmonds work.

He quoted a 1994 paper in which Richmond described STELLA as quite unique, quite powerful, and quite broadly useful as a way of thinking and or learning.

Its also capable of being quite transparentleveraging the way we learn biology, manage our businesses, or run our personal lives.

STELLAs approach to modeling systems shares some similarities with a precursor, the DYNAMOsimulation language.

DYNAMO explicitly defined stocks (reservoirs) and flows (inputs and outputs) as key variables in a system, a vocabulary which STELLA shares.

Relationships between converters (which convey transforming variables) and other elements may be drawn with converters.

Users are able to input values for stocks, flows, and converters (including with a variety of builtin functions).

STELLA does not differentiate between external and intermediate variables within a system; all of them are represented with converters.

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The software produces finite difference equations that describe the graphical model and allows users to select a numerical analysis method to apply to the system, either the Euler method or various RungeKutta methods (either second or fourth order).

Before running a model, users may also specify a time step and runtime for the simulation.

STELLA can output data in graphical or tabular forms.

STELLA runs one window at a time meaning that only one model can be run at any given moment.

The programs native file formats are denoted either by an.stm,.stmx,.itm, or.itmx filename extension.

STELLA also uses the emerging XML-based standard for storing models, XMILE 15.

The language runs of Microsoft Windows and OS X and its most recent release was version 10.1.2.

In 2012, two researchers released StellaR, software which can translate STELLA models into the R programming language.

A STELLA model from a paper on carbon impacts in forest biomass 18.

Because of its simplicity relative to more complex modeling languages, STELLA has been cited as a useful tool in educational settings.

Richmond derisively viewed most education as assimilating content and proposed systems thinking as a remedy to this.

In 1987, High Performance Systems released a guide to STELLA encouraging its use in academic settings 20 and numerous textbooks have been published that teach modeling and systems thinking using the software.

Sample exercises with STELLA include recreating the Daisyworld model, 23 simulating the Easter Island population crash, 24 and modeling the protagonists motivation throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet.

A 2010 study of the efficacy of project-based learning upon a watershed-modeling project undertaken by 72 middle schoolers found that the addition of a STELLA modeling component in the project improved overall comprehension of the material over traditional methods, especially among female students who outperformed their male counterparts with the addition of STELLA.

Among other projects, researchers have used STELLA to apply Hubbert peak theory to the Chinese coal supply, 27 to model atrazine dynamics within agricultural lands, 28 and to simulate the interactions between marine macroinvertebrates.

In a 1987 review of the program in BioScience, Robert Costanza wrote that STELLA is a solid programwell planned and executedthat breaks new ground.

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He praised its ease of use as beneficial both to beginners interested in learning how to build models and experts who could use it to test components of more complex models.

A 1998 review of the program in the Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America concurred that the program was easy to use, especially for beginning modelers, but noted its lack of model optimization tools and the ability to run only one window at a time as drawbacks.

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Writing for Complexity in 1997, Benedikt Hallgrmsson found the programs accompanying manual to be overzealous in its promotion of systems theory but cautioned that the manual need not detract from what is otherwise a very well-thought-out and constructed program.

A 1991 review of iThink in Planning Review noted that the softwares strength was in its low cost (the program retailed at around 450 at the time) and the vast number of possibilities allowed by its open-ended form.

International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning.

Lebanon, NH: isee systems.

March 4, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2006.

New York City. pp.

Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2013.